{"id":12963,"date":"2019-06-04T13:59:45","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T11:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/?page_id=12963"},"modified":"2025-03-12T10:29:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T09:29:20","slug":"unesco","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/papirna\/unesco\/","title":{"rendered":"Pap\u00edrensk\u00e9 ml\u00fdny na seznam UNESCO"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9ra pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f za\u010dala v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ve 13. stolet\u00ed. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed del\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed vzniklo n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc pap\u00edren, ve kter\u00fdch se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl ru\u010dn\u00ed pap\u00edr. Sice je\u0161t\u011b ve 20. stolet\u00ed fungovalo n\u011bkolik d\u00e1vn\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren na pap\u00edr a n\u011bkolik se zachovalo do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f, je t\u0159eba v\u0161ak akceptovat, \u017ee star\u00e9 pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jednoduch\u00fdch stroj\u00edch poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch vodou a ru\u010dn\u00edm \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e9 hmoty na s\u00edta vyst\u0159\u00eddaly b\u011bhem 19. stolet\u00ed tov\u00e1rny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pap\u00edrensk\u00e9 stroje.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f se v\u00a0Evrop\u011b zachovalo sotva 30 d\u00e1vn\u00fdch pap\u00edren, kter\u00e9 jsou sv\u011bdky historick\u00e9 technologie v\u00fdroby. Ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch objekt\u016f jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch je pap\u00edrensk\u00fd ml\u00fdn v Dusznikach-Zdroji (Polsko), ve kter\u00e9m ji\u017e 50 let s\u00eddl\u00ed Muzeum pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed. Dusznick\u00e9 muzeum realizuje koncept p\u0159\u00edpravy \u017e\u00e1dosti o z\u00e1pis na seznam UNESCO n\u011bkolika nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch historick\u00fdch pap\u00edren. Nyn\u00ed spolupracuj\u00ed muzea pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed v Polsku (Duszniki-Zdr\u00f3j), \u010cesk\u00e9 republice (Velk\u00e9 Losiny) a N\u011bmecku (Homburg v Doln\u00edm Francko).<\/p>\n

Duszniki-Zdr\u00f3j (Polsko)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tky pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed v Dusznikach se datuj\u00ed do obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed rokem 1562. Bohu\u017eel v\u00a0roce 1601 povode\u0148 zni\u010dila \u010d\u00e1st objekt\u016f manufaktury. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed pap\u00edrn\u00edk \u2013 Gregor Kretschmer zrekonstruoval ml\u00fdn a v\u00a0roce 1605 obnovil v\u00fdrobu ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru. Obdob\u00edm proslulosti ml\u00fdna bylo 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy duszni\u010dt\u00ed pap\u00edrn\u00edci d\u00edky z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9ho majetku z\u00a0prodeje pap\u00edru modernizovali v\u00fdrobu a vyzdobili ml\u00fdn, kter\u00fd se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch objekt\u016f v Evrop\u011b. V\u00fdzdoba ve tvaru rozet a polovi\u010dn\u00edch rozet nad okny na z\u00e1padn\u00ed a severn\u00ed stran\u011b a p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ky ve tvaru z\u00e1vitnic chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed su\u0161\u00e1rnu proti lij\u00e1k\u016fm jsou prvky, kter\u00e9 nelze naj\u00edt v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m jin\u00e9m pap\u00edrensk\u00e9m ml\u00fdn\u011b. Stejn\u011b tak neskute\u010dn\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby zhotoven\u00e9 v\u00a0obytn\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edch pap\u00edrn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u011btipodla\u017en\u00ed budova ml\u00fdna a \u0161estipodla\u017en\u00ed su\u0161\u00e1rna pap\u00edru se staly v\u00a018. stolet\u00ed jedn\u011bmi z\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch budov v Dusznikach. Funkce jednotliv\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed byla charakteristick\u00e1 pro \u010detn\u00e9 pap\u00edrensk\u00e9 ml\u00fdny (dole v\u00fdroba a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edru, na p\u016fd\u00e1ch su\u0161\u00e1rny).<\/p>\n

V\u00a019. stolet\u00ed v\u00a0n\u00e1sledku rozvoje techniky strojn\u00ed v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru dusznick\u00fd ml\u00fdn postupn\u011b ch\u00e1tral. Ve snaze zachr\u00e1nit podnik tehdej\u0161\u00ed majitel tov\u00e1rny Karl Wiehr nainstaloval v\u00a0roce 1905 v\u00a0ml\u00fdn\u011b stroj pro v\u00fdrobu lepenky. Av\u0161ak v\u00a0dob\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize se ekonomick\u00e1 situace ml\u00fdna zhor\u0161ovala a Wiehr zastavil v\u00fdrobu. V roce 1939 byla pap\u00edrna prod\u00e1na m\u011bstu s\u00a0my\u0161lenkou na z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v ml\u00fdn\u011b muzea.<\/p>\n

V roce 1945 ch\u00e1traj\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00fdn p\u0159evzal polsk\u00fd st\u00e1t. V\u00a0\u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed byly zah\u00e1jeny renova\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a v\u00a0roce 1968 bylo otev\u0159eno Muzeum pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed. V roce 1971 byla obnovena v\u00fdroba pap\u00edru \u010derpan\u00e9ho star\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Dusznick\u00e9 muzeum je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0Polsku v\u00fdrobcem ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru. Jako jedin\u00e9 v\u00a0zemi samo navrhuje a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s\u00edta umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edru s\u00a0vodoznaky.<\/p>\n

V roce 2011 ml\u00fdn z\u00edskal status pomn\u00edku historie, byl to za\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fasil\u00ed o zaps\u00e1n\u00ed objektu na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0\"MP<\/a><\/p>\n

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Velk\u00e9 Losiny (\u010cesk\u00e1 republika)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pap\u00edrensk\u00fd ml\u00fdn ve Velk\u00fdch Losin\u00e1ch vznikl v\u00a0letech 1591\u20131596. Na p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed objekt dostal sou\u010dasn\u00fd tvar. V\u00a019. stolet\u00ed i p\u0159es velkou konkurenci ze strany modern\u00edch tov\u00e1ren na pap\u00edr manufaktura v\u00a0Losin\u00e1ch pokra\u010dovala se v\u00fdrobou podle star\u00e9 techniky. Na to m\u011blo vliv pou\u017eit\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru k v\u00fdrob\u011b filtr\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byla pap\u00edrna zn\u00e1rodn\u011bna a byly v\u00a0n\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzeny muzejn\u00ed s\u00e1ly. Od roku 2006 ml\u00fdn pat\u0159\u00ed akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

V roce 2002 vl\u00e1da \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky za\u0159adila pap\u00edrnu na seznam n\u00e1rodn\u00edch kulturn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek. Byla tak\u00e9 zaps\u00e1na na p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd seznam UNESCO, co\u017e dalo za\u010d\u00e1tek \u00fasil\u00ed o zaps\u00e1n\u00ed objektu na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pap\u00edrna ve Velk\u00fdch Losin\u00e1ch je komplex n\u011bkolika dob\u0159e zachoval\u00fdch zd\u011bn\u00fdch budov kryt\u00fdch st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edm \u0161indelem. Stejn\u011b jako v Dusznikach doln\u00ed prostory pap\u00edrny slou\u017eily pro p\u0159\u00edpravu surovin, \u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pap\u00edru. V\u00edcepodla\u017en\u00ed p\u016fdy se pou\u017e\u00edvaly pro su\u0161en\u00ed pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0expozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti jsou uvedeny informace o d\u011bjin\u00e1ch pap\u00edrnictv\u00ed a tradici v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru ve Velk\u00fdch Losin\u00e1ch. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed prohl\u00eddky je tak\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva \u010derpac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fdroba ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru. Pap\u00edrna ve Velk\u00fdch Losin\u00e1ch pat\u0159\u00ed k jedn\u011bm z\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00a0Evrop\u011b v\u00fdrobc\u016f ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n

\n

\"_X4A0995_6_7hdr-Edit\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Homburg (N\u011bmecko)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pap\u00edrna v Homburgu v\u00a0N\u011bmecku poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1807. Le\u017e\u00ed nad \u0159ekou Main (Spolkov\u00e1 zem\u011b Bavorsko). Byla p\u0159enesena na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 m\u00edsto z Windheimu tr\u00e1m za tr\u00e1mem. Ml\u00fdn ve Windheimu poch\u00e1zel ze 17. stolet\u00ed. V\u00a019. stolet\u00ed byl ve ml\u00fdn\u011b nainstalov\u00e1n mal\u00fd stroj, na kter\u00e9m se vyr\u00e1b\u011bla lepenka.<\/p>\n

Budova m\u011bla podobn\u00e9 funkce jako jin\u00e9 pap\u00edrny: na doln\u00edch podla\u017e\u00edch prob\u00edhala v\u00fdroba a na p\u016fd\u00e1ch se su\u0161il pap\u00edr. Do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f se zachovalo vodn\u00ed kolo a jin\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed ze star\u00e9ho ml\u00fdna a tak\u00e9 stroj na v\u00fdrobu lepenky z\u00a0druh\u00e9 poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V roce 1997, po \u0161iroce proveden\u00fdch renova\u010dn\u00edch prac\u00edch, bylo otev\u0159eno Muzeum pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b s manufakturou. Kulturn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed potomek d\u00e1vn\u00fdch pap\u00edrn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 Johannes Follmer a \u010dinnost muzea financuje okres Main-Spessart.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Papierm\u00fchle_Homburg_am_Main\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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***<\/p>\n

Na\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011brem je z\u00edskat ke spolupr\u00e1ci n\u011bkolik pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f z\u00a0jin\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u00fdjime\u010dnou hodnotou. C\u00edlem je p\u0159\u00edprava \u017e\u00e1dosti o zaps\u00e1n\u00ed na seznam UNESCO asi 5\u20138 historick\u00fdch pap\u00edren, kter\u00e9 jsou sv\u011bdky technologie v\u00fdroby ru\u010dn\u00edho pap\u00edru.<\/p>\n

V roce 2018 se o spolupr\u00e1ci v\u00a0r\u00e1mci projektu zaps\u00e1n\u00ed nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f za\u010dal zaj\u00edmat tak\u00e9 ml\u00fdn Moulin \u00e0 papier Richard de Bas z Ambert ve Francii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9ra pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f za\u010dala v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ve 13. stolet\u00ed. V\u00a0obdob\u00ed del\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed vzniklo n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc pap\u00edren, ve kter\u00fdch se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl ru\u010dn\u00ed pap\u00edr. Sice je\u0161t\u011b ve 20. stolet\u00ed fungovalo n\u011bkolik d\u00e1vn\u00fdch tov\u00e1ren na pap\u00edr a n\u011bkolik se zachovalo do dne\u0161n\u00edch dn\u016f, je t\u0159eba v\u0161ak akceptovat, \u017ee star\u00e9 pap\u00edrenstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jednoduch\u00fdch stroj\u00edch poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch vodou a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":116,"menu_order":604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12963","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12963"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24113,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12963\/revisions\/24113"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumpapiernictwa.pl\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}